Glossary (English–Swedish)¶
The terms J will meet in Swedish healthcare, with the English used in international guidelines and trial papers.
The disease¶
| English | Swedish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) | Kronisk lymfatisk leukemi (KLL) | A slowly progressing cancer of mature B lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
| Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) | SLL (small lymphocytic lymphoma) | The same disease when it is mainly in lymph nodes and the blood count of CLL cells is low |
| Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) | Monoklonal B-cellslymfocytos (MBL) | A precursor state: CLL-type cells below the CLL threshold and no nodes, organ enlargement or symptoms |
| Richter transformation | Richtertransformation | When CLL turns into an aggressive lymphoma, usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
| B symptoms | B-symtom | Fever, drenching night sweats or unintended weight loss caused by the disease |
| Splenomegaly | Mjältförstoring (splenomegali) | Enlarged spleen |
| Hypogammaglobulinaemia | Hypogammaglobulinemi | Low antibody (immunoglobulin) levels, which raises infection risk |
| Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) | Autoimmun hemolytisk anemi (AIHA) | The immune system destroys red blood cells |
| Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) | Immunologisk trombocytopeni (ITP) | The immune system destroys platelets |
Diagnosis and tests¶
| English | Swedish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Pathology report | PAD-svar (patologisk-anatomisk diagnos) | The pathologist's written report on the removed lymph nodes |
| Excisional lymph-node biopsy | Lymfkörtelexstirpation | Surgical removal of a whole lymph node for diagnosis |
| Flow cytometry | Flödescytometri | Laboratory method that identifies cell types by their surface markers |
| Immunophenotype | Immunfenotyp | The pattern of surface markers that defines CLL (e.g. CD5, CD19, CD23, CD200) |
| Blood count / differential | Blodstatus / differentialräkning | Haemoglobin, white cells, platelets and the share of each white-cell type |
| Lymphocyte doubling time | Lymfocytdubbleringstid | How quickly the lymphocyte count doubles |
| Bone-marrow biopsy | Benmärgsprov (benmärgsbiopsi) | Sample of bone marrow, usually from the pelvic bone |
| Staging (Binet, Rai) | Stadieindelning (Binet, Rai) | Clinical stage based on examination and blood counts |
| FISH | FISH | Test that detects missing or extra chromosome pieces, e.g. del(17p), del(11q), del(13q), trisomy 12 |
| TP53 aberration | TP53-avvikelse | del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation; the strongest predictor of response to some treatments |
| Mutated / unmutated IGHV | Muterad / omuterad IGHV | Status of the antibody gene in the CLL cells; unmutated means a more active disease course |
| Complex karyotype | Komplex karyotyp | Many chromosome abnormalities in the same cells |
| Prognostic marker | Prognostisk markör | Says something about the likely course of the disease |
| Predictive marker | Prediktiv markör | Says something about how well a specific treatment will work |
| Multidisciplinary conference | Multidisciplinär konferens (MDK) | Meeting where specialists from several fields review a patient's case |
Treatment¶
| English | Swedish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Watch and wait (active surveillance) | Aktiv exspektans | Regular check-ups without treatment until treatment is indicated |
| Treatment indication | Behandlingsindikation | One of the iwCLL criteria that justify starting treatment |
| Fixed-duration therapy | Tidsbegränsad behandling | Treatment given for a set period (e.g. 12 or 14 months), then stopped |
| Continuous therapy | Kontinuerlig behandling | Treatment taken every day until it stops working or causes problems |
| BTK inhibitor | BTK-hämmare | Tablet drugs such as acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, ibrutinib and pirtobrutinib |
| BCL2 inhibitor | BCL2-hämmare | Venetoclax |
| Anti-CD20 antibody | Anti-CD20-antikropp | Infused antibodies such as obinutuzumab and rituximab |
| Chemoimmunotherapy | Kemoimmunterapi | Chemotherapy combined with an antibody (e.g. FCR, BR) |
| Progression-free survival (PFS) | Progressionsfri överlevnad (PFS) | Time alive without the disease growing again |
| Overall survival (OS) | Total överlevnad (OS) | Time alive, from any cause |
| Relative survival | Relativ överlevnad | Survival compared with people of the same age and sex without the disease |
| Undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) | Omätbar kvarvarande sjukdom (uMRD) | No CLL cells found with very sensitive tests after treatment |
| Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) | Tumörlyssyndrom (TLS) | Salt and kidney disturbances when many cancer cells die quickly |
| Atrial fibrillation | Förmaksflimmer | Irregular heart rhythm; a known side effect of some BTK inhibitors |
| Neutropenia | Neutropeni | Low level of the white cells that fight bacteria |
| Clinical trial | Klinisk prövning | A research study of a treatment |
Swedish healthcare¶
| English | Swedish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| National guideline | Nationellt vårdprogram | The Swedish national CLL guideline from the Regional Cancer Centres (RCC) |
| Second medical opinion | Ny medicinsk bedömning | The legal right to a second assessment for life-threatening or particularly serious disease (Patientlagen ch. 8) |
| Contact nurse | Kontaktsjuksköterska | A named nurse who coordinates care and answers questions |
| My care plan | Min vårdplan | The digital care plan in 1177 |
| Referral | Remiss | A doctor's request for assessment or care elsewhere |
| Own care request (self-referral) | Egen vårdbegäran | The patient's own request to a clinic, without a doctor's referral |
| Payment commitment | Betalningsförbindelse | The home region's commitment to pay for care in another region |
| Patient fee / high-cost cap | Patientavgift / högkostnadsskydd | Fee per visit and the yearly ceiling on outpatient fees |
| Medical records | Journal / journalhandlingar | The patient's health records; partly readable in 1177 Journalen |
| Standardised care pathway | Standardiserat vårdförlopp (SVF) | National timetable for cancer investigation and treatment start |
| Reimbursement (TLV) | Subvention inom läkemedelsförmånen (TLV) | Whether the state pays for a drug, as decided by the Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency |
| EU marketing authorisation | EU-godkännande (godkännande för försäljning) | Approval to sell a drug in the EU, granted by the European Commission after an EMA assessment |
| Quality registry | Kvalitetsregister | National register that follows care and outcomes, here the national CLL registry |